Nowadays surgery of pelvic bones and joints is not widely used. Complicated anatomical and topographical links of the pelvic bones and surrounding tissues impede the implementation of radical surgery. In the early 2000s, the preoperative planning with the construction of three-dimensional reconstruction and the development of virtual operations began to be widely used. The use of preoperative planning do not always give the possibility to perform resections accurately according to the plan, and therefore there was need for a navigation system during surgery. The first experience of intraoperative navigation system in the surgical treatment of patients with tumors of the pelvic bones in Russia is presented. Radical resections of pelvic bones was performed in four patients. The accuracy of the resection was 1,5 mm

Treatmentresults of 115 patients with lesionsin long bones who underment segmentary resection of long bone with the subsequent prosthetic reconstruction are presented. Adequate formation of endoprosthetic bed for the prevention of infectious complications was the primary goal after implantation of the endoprosthesis.
After implant installation in 38 (33%) patients adequate muscular bed was not possible to form. In 37 (97%) patients muscular flaps were used and in one (3%) patient - free flap with micro-vascular anastomosis was used. Plastic reconstruction component was used during endoprosthetic replacement in 29 patients with tumors in lower extremities and 9 with upper extremities.
Plastic reconstruction component usage extends endoprosthetic replacement indications, decreases infectious complications, frequency of relapses and improves functional results

Endoprosthetic replacement of bones in oncology is a method of choice in surgical treatment of bone tumors in 80% of cases. However, results of survival rate of endoprosthetic implants are leveled by complications leading to auditing operations. In orthopedic practice endoprosthetic revision rate ranges from 5 to 50%. This article is an up date literature review on revision of endoprosthetic implants

The outcome of soft tissue sarcoma (STS) surgery depends on many different factors, including the quality of surgical treatment. Adequate surgical treatment provides stable control of the disease. Local recurrence is a key factor in evaluating the quality of performed surgical treatment. The article reviews main predictor factors, based on the results of numerous studies, which allow to perform reliable evaluation of tumor expansion and criteria of surgical treatment quality in STS. The article gives comprehensive description of signs and symptoms of main postoperative complications. Attention is paid to typical mistakes, leading to considerable increase of local recurrence and associated survival decrease; preventive measures are emphasized

Vascular anomalies are among the most common birthmarks encountered by the pediatric clinician. The prompt and accurate diagnosis of a vascular birthmark can provide the clinician with essential clues to potential underlying extracutaneous complications. Vascular tumors (including benign infantile hemangiomas) are defined as typically dynamic lesions that grow, change, and exhibit cellular proliferation whereas malformations (including capillary, venous and arteriovenous malformations) -though capable of evolution - tend to grow with the patient and show significantly less mitotic activity. The treatment of choice is laser therapy. Flashlamppumped pulsed dye lasers can be employed in earliest infancy. The light waves at 585-595 nm can penetrate to a depth of about 0,75 mm reach the vessels and are absorbed by hemoglobin. The short pulses are matched to the vessel thermal relaxation time, to avoid necrosis and scarring

Uveal melanoma is the most frequent neoplasm of the eyes (UM). Oncogenes BRAF and NRAS are frequently mutated in melanoma of the skin, but rarely in uveal melanoma. Recently it was shown that oncogenes KIT and GNAQ are activated in uveal melanoma, but rarely mutated in skin melanoma. Mutation of the gene GNAQ is the first specific mutation in uveal melanoma. New oncogene GNAQ encodes the alpha subunit of heterotrimeric G-proteins with GTPase activity. Mutant form GNAQ protein unable to hydrolyze GTP leads to constitutive activation GNAQ and MAP-kinase cascade. The genomic analysis is necessary for specific target therapy of patients with advanced uveal melanoma. Thus, imatinib mesylate was recommended for treatment of UM patients with KIT mutations, while vemurofenib was suggested for treatment of UM patients with BRAF mutations (V600E).
The aim of our study was to determine the mutations in oncogenes BRAF, NRAS, KRAS, KIT and GNAQ in DNA from uveal melanoma. Tumor DNA was isolated from fresh tumor tissue obtained during operation of 17 patients with UM. All tumor tissues were histologically verified. For mutation analysis tumor DNA was amplified in PCR with primers to the sites of the most frequent mutations in followed with the sequencing of the PCR products. There were no mutations found in oncogenes BRAF, NRAS and KRAS in UM DNA from 17 patients. Deletions in exon 11 of the gene KIT we identified in two of 17 UM cases (12%). Mutations in exon 5 GNAQ corresponding to substitutions Q209P and Q209L in GNAQ protein were found in seven cases (7/17, 41%).

With demonstrative methods was carried out the analyzis of pharmacokinetics (PhC) parameters of cisplatin (CP, DDP) accumulation by the sonodynamic therapy (SDT) together with systemic chemotherapy and following local ultrasound irradiation (US) by new equipment USDT. It was found that the selective accumulation of platinum (Pt) in the tumor with US is 1,45 times hihger: differential accumulation factor was DAF_{tumor/blood whey} - 5,94 against 4,1 without US and DAF_{tumor/blood whey} 1,87-2,02. These data can explain the

revealed earlier phenomenon of selective increasing CP antitumor activity with combining with local US and possibilities to decreasing of common toxicity of cytostatics

The modern approaches in the treatment of patients with rhabdomyosarcoma of the urinogenital system are discussed. Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) of the urinogenital system has benefited from near 30 years in more than 70% overall 5-year survival. Substantial progress has been made as a result of multi-center collaborative trials. Multimodahty treatment is based on risk stratification according to pretreatment stage, postoperative group, histology and site. Equivalent overall survival rates were reported in the last COG and SIOP trials, with worse event-free survival rates for bladder/prostate RMS in SIOP trials. The use of radiotherapy for local control was the main difference between COG and SIOP trials. Surgery is used to diagnose RMS and for local control after chemotherapy. One of the main tasks of treatment strategy is organ sparing result. Future combined studies are required to further treatment development of this childhood malignancy.

Soft tissue sarcomas are rare malignant tumors. Primary angiosarcomas of the breast account about 0, 04% of all malignant breast tumor cases. We present the case report of simultaneous development of primary angiosarcoma of the breast in the in 22 years old twins. The histological examination of the core biopsy specimen revealed the evidence of angiosarcoma. Each of the patients were treated with combined therapy. In one of the sisters, the tumor mass occupied almost the entire breast, wherefore the first phase Chemotherapy (CT) was administered 5 cycles of gemcitabine and docetaxel. Subsequently the mastectomy with simultaneous breast reconstruction was performed on the right side. Postoperatively another 3 cycles of CT were carried out according to the above described regimen. In the second patient, due to the small tumor size (less than 5cm), the skin-repairing mastectomy with simultaneous breast reconstruction was performed. 6 courses of adjuvant CT was given according to the specified regimen. The genomic analysis of both patients, revealed the germline mutation A518A (C.1782A/T) in the exone-10 and the polymorphism V269V (c.4035T/C) in the exone-11 of the BRCA2-genes. In addition, the polymorphism Int3dupl6 was found in the third introne of the TP53-gene. The same mutation (A518A (C.1782A/T) was also detected in the twin's father. There was no PD after the 12 months of follow-up.

The proper clinic observation of LFS (Sarcoma Family Syndrome, OMIM 151623) is considered in the present article, on the example of Russian Blokhin Cancer Reseach Center medical practice. LFS, though being heavily under researched and rarely diagnosed, is one of the most prominent syndromes among hereditary oncological pathologies. LFS - patients often don't receive necessary medical and genetic service in our country while there are accurately defined criteria of diagnostics and a series of definite recommendations on LFS - patients' management and giving medical treatment and consultation to them and their families in the world medical practice. Clinical data of LFS patients proves the necessity of multidisciplinary approaches in the management of sarcoma patients