The present study investigated the medical rehabilitation of patients with bones sarcomas following specific therapy. It included stages of the functional and psychological rehabilitation, fertility preservation. At the Federal State Budget Institution «Medical Radiological Research Center» (Obninsk), the functional rehabilitation was carried out in 29 bone cancer patients including 11 (39%) children aged from 11-18 years and 18 (61%) adults aged from 18-69 years. Functional results were determined using the MSTS rating scale. Average values of extremity functional evaluations were 72% after endoprosthetic replacement of the hip joint, 83% after endoprosthetic replacement of the knee joint in patients with a tumor of the distal part of the femur, 76% after replacement of the proximal part of the tibia, 67% after total endoprosthetic replacement of the femur; 83 % after prosthetic reconstruction of the ankle joint, and 80% after reconstructions of the humerus.

The objective. To evaluate oncological and functional results of reconstructive surgery in patients with malignant tumors of the pelvic ring. Materials and methods. 18 patients with malignant tumors of the pelvic ring were observed. 8 (44%) patients underwent reconstructive surgery with endoprosthesis replacement, 4 (22%) - with iliosacral or ischiosacral fixation, 3 (17%) - with combination of steel nails and PMMK, and 3 (17%) - with PMMK only. Results. Wide resection was achieved in 15 (84%) cases. 14 patients were without signs of disease with the mean follow up of 23 (5-46) months. In all patients functional results after surgery were perfect or good. Complications were observed in 7 (39%) cases.

Result of combined treatment of 58 patients with locally advanced soft tissue sarcomas with invasion of great vessels were analyzed. We performed reconstructive surgery on great vessels with radical removal of tumors, as well as this is our first experience in prosthetic abdominal part of aorta. Results showed that, according to principles of oncologic surgery resections of major vessels affected by the tumor, by using vascular reconstruction operation can increase the number of organsparing operations in sarcoma patients.

Soft tissue sarcomas are tumors with high level of vascularization, so angiogenesis plays important role in tumor development and metastasis. Inhibitors of angiogenesis: bevacisumab, sunitinib, sorafenib were studied in clinical trials for the treatment of soft tissue sarcomas. During phase II clinical study the lack of efficacy of monotherapy with bevacisumab, sunitinib, sorafenib was proved. Phase III study PALETTE showed efficacy and safety of pazopanib usage in patients with advanced soft tissue sarcomas who were pretreated with chemotherapy (noGIST, noadipocytic sarcomas). It seems promising to continue the study of efficacy and safety of combination of targeted agents and conventional chemotherapy.

Today sentinel lymph node biopsy in cutaneous melanoma is a standard diagnostic procedure. The factors that have prognostic value for occurrence of micrometastases in regional lymph nodes are tumor thickness by Breslow, ulceration, level of invasion by Clark IV-V, the patient’s age. The presence or absence of metastases in «sentinel» lymph nodes is a significant prognostic factor for patients with primary malignant melanoma of the skin. The need for implementation of regional lymph node dissection in the presence of micrometastases in sentinel lymph nodes remains an open question and requires further investigation.

Background. We analyzed a cytotoxicity of the synthetized compound LCTA1975 on metastatic skin melanoma cell lines compared with different anticancer drugs. Methods. The cytotoxic activity of LCTA1975 and anticancer drugs (Intaxel, cisplatin and doxorubicin) was assessed on 4 metastatic melanoma cell lines by a MTT test. The apoptosis induction and the cell cycle distribution were analyzed on mel Kor cells by How cytometry. The autophagy activation was assessed using an antibody against LC3B autolysosome marker by immunocytochemistry. results. The cytotoxic activity of LCTA1975 was higher for all used melanoma cell lines than cytotoxic activity of other analyzed anticancer drugs. The apoptosis activation was not detected on mel Kor cell line but a significant number of autophagic cells was observed. Conclusion. LCTA1975 is a perspective compound with pronounced cytotoxicity on metastatic skin melanoma cells with chemoresistance.

Insulin-like growth factors 1 and 2 (IGF-1 and IGF-2) and insulin-like growth factor binding proteins IGFBP-1, IGFBP-3 were measured by ELISA techniques in blood serum of patients with 113 primary bone tumors. It was found a significant increase of IGF-1, 2 and IGFBP-1, 3 levels in bone tumors, compared to control group; significant increase of IGF-1, 2 levels in malignant bone tumors, compared to benign neoplasms of bones, and significant increase of IGFBP-3 levels in benign neoplasms compared to the malignant bone tumors and control group. Were found a significant differences of levels of these substances, depending on the histological type of cancer.

Joint arthroplasty is one of the most common orthopaedic surgical procedures that bring significant benefit to the patient and improve the life style for younger and more physically active population. Problems associated with joint prostheses include complications, which can be mechanical or biological in etiology. Surgical pathology is useful in investigating wear debris reaction, infection, delayed hypersensitivity reaction and development of an associated sarcoma. Accurate recognition of the morphologic manifestations of these disorders is very important and help to improve treatment and management of these patients.