The aim of this study was to investigate the rates and trends of soft tissue sarcomas (STS) in Russia. We consider both temporal and geographical variations. The Annual reports of Ministry of health and Federal State Statistics Service were used to extract information on cases including gender, age and geographical information. The relevant population data were also obtained Federal Statistics Service and statistical analysis included descriptive summaries, rates, and trend detection tests. The age-adjusted incidence rate of STS was 1,78 per 100 000 individuals per year for 2007 to 2011 (16 942 incident cases). Between 1989-2011 the incidence rate of STS rose statistically significantly at 1,9% per year (95% CI 1,8-2,0) and the greatest increase was observed in youngest children aged 0-4 years (AAPC=5,4% [95% CI 4,7-6,3]. There were more than doubling of average Russian incidence rates in some areas. International comparison showed that the incidence of STS in Russia is less than those in the most of developed countries.

Background. To define perspective directions in the decision of the basic questions of modular endoprostheses replacement in the treatment of children with bone tumors of knee joint on the basis of experimental researches. Methods. Study was conducted on 35 white ratsmales 3 month old (live weight 190210г.). The analysis was based on the first experience of our children’s clinic - 4 pts with primary bone tumors who underwent modular endoprostheses replacement with spacerendoprostheses at treatment stages. Results. By month 5 after surgery all animals had restriction of movements in the operated joint and shorting of extremity Animals operated on one segment had interfacing segment longer and similar to non operated extremity. The analysis of a clinical data showed, that the less extremity shorting was observed in pts with unipolar endoprostheses replacement. Conclusion. From all variety of methods of surgical treatment the most modern and perspective is individual modular endoprostheses replacement. The technique step by step endoprostheses replacement possesses advantages. The received results allow to consider its effective and perspective for further use.

From January 2005 to September 2012 73 patients with extraabdominal desmoid tumors were treated with surgery and among them 26 operations included bone resection. In seven patients (30%) surgery was followed by radiation therapy, hormonal therapy, chemotherapy. Median follow-up period was 47 months (range 6-98 months). Only seven patients (30%) had recurrence 5-20 months after treatment (median 11 months). Surgical treatment of extraabdominal desmoid tumors with bone resection is associated with satisfactory functional, cosmetic and oncologic outcome.

Occurrence of scapular defeat by malignant tumors is rather low. Reconstruction of functional and cosmetic defect after total scapulectomy at the moment has no standards and still remains a discussed problem. Scapular endoprosthesis partially allows to decrease limitations of other reconstructive operations and to increase functional result of an extremity. however this method of reconstruction has rather narrow indications and high risks of complications that complicates its use at the majority of operations on a total scapulectomy. Achievement of good clinical, functional and oncological result depends on observance of indications to a total scapulectomy, observance of operation technics, careful selection of patients.

Cerebral metastases of different types of sarcomas are rare and poorly understood pathology, many questions of diagnostics and treatment of this diseases remain open. This study describes in details clinical picture, xray and morphological diagnosis of cerebral metastases of different types of sarcomas. Special attention is paid to surgical treatment in complex with chemotherapy.

The way of prevention of a phantom pain syndrome after extremity amputation in oncological patients includes a complex of block mechanisms of the development of phantom pain at different levels of peripheral and central nervous system. This way allows to prevent development of phantom pain syndrome after amputation of an extremity and improves quality of life of patient.

Background. The adaptation Dvoirin s method to the calculation of intensive morbidity rates of the multiple primary tumors considering age dynamics (by the example of skin cancer). Methods. 3310 case reports of the patients with skin cancer. Results. There was found out a systematic overstating of tumor morbidity rates, calculated with standard method, because of the lack of age dynamics consideration. A new version of method was developed. During the approbation on the example of skin cancer there was found out a drastic increase of second skin cancer risk in comparison with the first one: by women - in 3,5 times; by men - in 4,5 times. Conclusion. Developed and certified on the example of skin cancer morbidity approach for calculation of intensive rates, considering age dynamics of patients, can be used for the morbidity risk estimation of tumors of any localizations and any quantity.

The purpose of the study was to evaluate features of immunoreactivity in cutaneous melanoma patients depending on the presence of the primary tumor ulceration and the status of sentinel lymph nodes (LN). Methods. Sixtyone patients with stage IAIIIB cutaneous melanoma have been examined. All patients underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy. Immunological studies were performed prior to treatment. Results. It was revealed that ulceration of the primary tumor and the status of sentinel lymph node determined the nature of the immunoreactivity in melanoma patients. In patients with ulcerated primary melanoma (PM) without micrometastases in regional LN, peripheral blood T lymphocyte proliferation was increased on response to the antiCD3 and the level of antiCD3induced apoptosis was unchanged. Conversely, phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) proliferative response was unchanged but PHAinduced apoptosis of lymphocytes was reduced. In patients with the nonulcerated PM without micrometastases LN, these parameters was recorded on the physiological level but there was an increased content of regulatory Tcells in the blood. Tlymphocyte proliferative response to PHA was remained within the physiological levels and was increased to antiCD3 regardless of ulceration PM in patients with metastatic melanoma. Conclusion. Further immunological study of ulcerated and nonulcerated melanoma will allow to understand better the potential therapeutic strategies of treatment for these patients and provide the ability to predict response to antitumor therapy

Background. We investigate the interaction of the B-RAFgene mutations status and levels of autophagy induction in melanoma cell lines in vitro. Methods. In this report 12 human melanoma cell lines were investigated. B-RAF gene mutations were determined by PCR, expression of Beclin1 mRNA-by RT-PCR. Analysis of the LC3B protein expression and accumulation, specifically associated with the membranes of autophagosomes, was performed by immunocytochemical assay. Results. Among melanoma cell lines 7 had activating mutations in B-RAF gene. Basal expression level of Beclin1 mRNA was identified in all melanoma cell lines. The basal expression ranged from 0,15 to 1,16 r.u. Cell lines starvation resulted in increased expression of mRNA Beclin1 level in cells B-RAF^wt, but B-RAF^V600 cell lines, it remained almost unchanged. Autophagy induction by temozolomide has shown a significant increase in the amount of autophagosome punctuate in B-RAf and B-RAF⁶⁰⁰ melanoma cells. Conclusion. B-RAF mutations may affect the melanoma autophagy level in vitro. Investigation of the mechanisms of this process will enable the development of new predictive factors of drug resistance in melanoma and identify the original target for anticancer therapy.

There has been tremendous progress in the last decade in understanding of the behavior and molecular pathogenesis of sarcomas, which may ultimately lead to more effective therapy and prognostification for these rare malignancies. Bone and soft tissue sarcomas are uncommon group of tumors, they are histologically, behaviorally, and genetically diverse, and their pathogenesis is poorly understood. The increasing role of molecular diagnostics is up to date, this knowledge relates to the potential role of newer targeted therapies. The importance of multidisciplinary care, integration of histologic, molecular, radiographic and clinical data in the management of bone sarcomas is difficult to overestimate.