Introduction. Non-melanoma skin cancers (NMNCs) are the most common human malignancies and have been on the rise for many years. These tumors is a large heterogeneous group that most often occurs in people over 65 years of age, which is a minority of the population of Uzbekistan. Which means that the calculation of standardized indicators allows us to reveal the true picture of the incidence, adjusted for the age limit.

Aim. To study and analyze the incidence rates of non-melanoma malignant skin tumors at the national level.

Materials and methods. We conducted a retrospective search in the cancer registry databases for the period from 2018 to 2022 at Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center of Oncology and Radiology using International Statistical Classification of Diseases (ICD) 10th revision codes C44.0–C44.9. The study included all initially identified patients aged 18 years and older with a histopathologically confirmed diagnosis of basal or squamous cell carcinoma. All patients were divided into 5-year age intervals to calculate standardized indicators according to the world standard.

Results. In total, 4986 cases of NMNCs were detected in Uzbekistan for the period 2018-2022. The results of the analysis of the study showed that the standardized incidence rates were higher than the intensive rates in all years for 2018–2022. From 2018 to 2020, the standardized incidence rate of NMNCs decreased by 33 %. In 2022, it was 3.8 (which is 15 % lower than in 2018). Standardized incidence rates in patients under the age of 40 increased by 50 % from 2018 to 2022, which may indicate a younger incidence of NMNCs.

Conclusion. Studying and understanding current epidemiological trends in NMLCs is critical to achieving early and adequate control of these common skin cancers. Effective strategies for primary prevention and screening of skin cancer need to be developed to reduce morbidity and mortality from NMNCs.

Timely diagnosis and treatment of cutaneous melanoma are important problems as mortality for this pathology exceeds 70 % of all skin tumors, and in Russia this disease is diagnosed at stage I only in 35.7 % of cases. Correctly selected therapy offers good results, but effective treatment requires accurate staging involving detection of metastases in the sentinel lymph nodes which cannot be identified clinically. This review analyzes study data showing the effectiveness of detection of the sentinel lymph nodes using indocyanine green fluorescence method.

Introduction. The proven significance of free radical disorders in oncopathology determines the relevance of their study in soft tissue sarcomas (STS), which are characterized by a tendency to recurrence and high mortality of patients.

Aim. To study the indicators of free radical oxidation and antioxidant protection in blood lymphocytes in primary and recurrent STS, depending on the sex and age of patients.

Materials and methods. In 51 patients with primary STS, T2bN0M0 (17 men and 34 women) and in 34 patients (14 men and 20 women) with relapses, the level of lipid peroxidation products – malondialdehyde and diene conjugates, activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, total peroxidase activity, the level of reduced glutathione were studied by spectrophotometric methods. Patients were divided by age: ≤45 years and >45 years. The comparison groups (donors) consisted of 12 men and 17 women divided into the same age subgroups.

Results. In men >45 years old with primary sarcomas, there was an increase in diene conjugates by 2.2 times, with relapses by 2.4 times, and in young men - only with relapses by 2.6 times. The level of malondialdehyde in men did not change with primary sarcomas, with relapses it was reduced in both age groups by 2.4–2.6 times. In women with primary STS, there was an increase in most of the studied parameters in both age groups by 1.6–1.9 times. The increase in diene conjugates level and superoxide dismutase activity was the most pronounced (>3 times) in patients of the older age group. The increase in glutathione peroxidase activity in primary STS in young women was 2.3 times, and in the older age group in patients of both sexes it was 5 times. In half of the women with relapses developed no earlier than 3 years after treatment, a decrease in both lipid peroxidation products by 2.6–3.4 times was found, and in all women almost 4-fold activation of superoxide dismutase and 8-fold glutathione peroxidase with an increase in the level of reduced glutathione by 7 times took place, which was significantly higher than in men. For women of the older age group, a 3-fold increase in the ratio of superoxide dismutase/total peroxidase activity is characteristic for primary STS and almost 5-fold for recurrence.

Conclusion. In primary STS, the activation of lipid peroxidation products and antioxidant enzymes in women is more pronounced than in men. Changes in most indicators are more typical for patients of older age groups, in which relapse was accompanied by a decrease in malondialdehyde in patients of both sexes and maximum activation of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in women.

Introduction. Difficult diagnosis, aggressive progression, and absence of an increase in treatment effectiveness (especially in patients with osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma) make malignant tumors of the bones a significant medical problem. Use of traditional therapy methods is often associated with development of drug resistance and frequent recurrences. Therefore, there is a need for new treatment strategies and overcoming of the limitations of traditional methods through their improvement, combination or substitution to achieve higher survival, lower recurrence rate, and wider availability for patients with bone tumors.

Aim. To present a clinical observation of the use of a new method of radical intraoperative thermal ablation for bone tumors, assess exposure tolerance, long-term oncological and functional results.

Clinical observation. This article presents a clinical case of the use of a new radical treatment method for a patient with tibial osteosarcoma who underwent intraoperative thermal ablation using a new domestic complex of local hyperthermia “Phoenix-2”.

Results. A session of intraoperative thermal ablation was performed in the operating room under anesthesia directly in the wound for 48 minutes. Access to the tumor-affected bone was performed with the standard oncological approach (en-block), the bone was not transected or removed. A constant heating mode of 90 °С was used, assuming a gradual increase in temperature. Thus, 60 °С reached 20 minutes, and the temperature at the end of high-temperature exposure was 78 °С (inside the medullary canal). The operation time was 2 hours 30 minutes. The postoperative period proceeded without complications. After 38 months of follow-up, examinations did not reveal any recurrence or progression in the patient.

Conclusion. The technique of radical intraoperative thermal ablation using a local hyperthermia complex Phoenix-2 is effective and allows to widen the toolkit of treatment methods for patients with bone tumors. It can serve as an alternative or addition to organ-preserving surgical treatment without costly reconstruction stages.

Sarcomas are common among a rare and heterogeneous group of solid tumors of mesenchymal origin, accounting for only 1 % of all adult malignancies. Soft tissue sarcoma arises primarily from the embryonic mesoderm with some involvement of the neuroectoderm. The modern World Health Organization clinical and morphological classification includes more than 100 forms of these tumors. The diagnostic methods and treatment modalities of soft tissue sarcomas have evolved with the multidisciplinary approach. The standard treatment for localized phase sarcomas is local excision followed by radiotherapy, but since 2010 preoperative radiotherapy has been considered the preferred option (according to the recommendations of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network, NCCN). The use of vascular surgery and femoropopliteal autovenous grafting in surgical tactics allows performing radical operations with limb preservation. The article presents a clinical case of treatment of a patient with a diagnosis of soft tissue leiomyosarcoma of the right popliteal region. In the volume of combined treatment, the surgical intervention – removal of a soft tissue tumor low part of the right thigh and popliteal fossa with resection of the posterior thigh muscle group together with the involved popliteal artery, with simultaneous femoropopliteal autovenous prosthetics – was performed.

The article describes a clinical case of development of a rare malignant tumor adamantinoma in a 4-year-old child, difficulties in its diagnosis, and tactics of surgical treatment. Literature data on epidemiology, differential diagnosis, and treatment methods for this pathology, as well as statistical data on local and metastatic recurrences, are presented. Recommendations on dynamic observation of patients with adamantinoma are given.