Background/Objectives. During the last 30 years treatment results of children with osteosarcoma according to different international trials were analyzed. 5years overall survival (OS) of children with localized osteosarcoma was near 75%, 5years eventfree survival (EFS) – 62%, with primary metastatic osteosarcoma – 35% and 25% respectively. In this article we presented results of two pediatric clinical protocols «Osteosarcoma 2006» and «Osteosarcoma 2014».
Design/Methods. From 2009 to 2017 years 221 patients (less than 18 years old age group) with primary diagnosed osteosarcoma were included in trials. 128 patients were treated according to «Osteosarcoma 2006» protocol and 93 – «Osteosarcoma 2014».
Results. Received data showed appropriateness of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in alternating regimen. Higher OS and EFS rates were revealed in children with localized osteosarcoma (р=0,001; р=0,001), good response (grade III and IV of tumor cells necrosis rate) to neoadjuvant chemotherapy after surgery of the primary site (р=0,001; р=0,001). Lung metastases quantity (single or multiple) also determined prognosis of disease (p=0,032). Surgery treatment of lung metastases increased OS and EFS rates (p=0,001; p=0,001).
Conclusion. OS and EFS of patients who treated according to «Osteosarcoma 2006» and «Osteosarcoma 2014» protocols were compared with international trials. Long-term treatment experience of children with osteosarcoma, absence of results improvement open the way to development of new protocols according to molecular-biological tumor features, that determined drug resistance, invasive and metastatic tumor activity, prognosis of disease.

Chondrosarcoma is the second most common malignant neoplasm of the skeleton, the complexity of its treatment is due to its radiation and chemoresistance, which significantly reduces the therapeutic potential of the treating doctor. In this article will be considered one of the ways to influence this tumor – the Hedgehog signaling pathway.

Considering a high variety of modern radiotherapy technologies, practical doctors can hardly analyze advantages and shortcomings of different treatment options and make optimal decision. The goal of this survey is to show the base of evidence for stereotactic photon radiation therapy (SRT) and proton radiation therapy (PRT) in cranial tumors treatment. It’s well known that PRT takes advantage in oncopediatric practice, in the treatment of benign tumors with long life expectancy and possibly skull base tumors. By decreasing integral body dose PRT lowers risk of secondary malignancies and preserves cognitive function. In other cases PRT prevalence over advanced forms of photon radiotherapy is yet to be proved. To clearly see the difference we need to compare intensity modulated proton and photon radiation therapy. Studies continue.

Objective. To determine the diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) guided core-needle biopsy (CNB) of soft tissue tumors.
Materials and methods. CEUS-guided biopsy of soft tissue tumors was performed in 59 cases (main group). In control group (59 patients) biopsy was performed under ultrasound navigation in B-mode.
Results. In the main group biopsy sample was informative in 100% of cases versus 91% in the control group. Sensitivity and negative-predictive value in the main group were 100% (versus 95% and 87% in control group respectively). Finally, diagnosis during the preoperative examination was correct in 90% cases in the main group (versus 68% in control group). This study confirms the diagnostic value of CEUS-guided biopsy method.

Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are an uncommon group of malignancies, notorious for a high propensity for recurrence and early, mainly hematogenous, metastasizing. Nowadays, combined modality therapy involving radical organ preservation surgery in conjunction with various chemoradiotherapy regimens is the treatment method of choice for STS. In order to improve the efficacy of organ preservation treatment, it is necessary to intensify local treatment of risk areas. Intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) is one of the methods for intensifying local treatment. In our study, advantages and prospects of development of this approach to combination and concurrent treatment of STS are considered.

Neoplastic lesions of the spine lead to pain syndrome, the disability, and in some cases make it difficult to obtain adequate systemic treatment, which leads to a reduction of life duration. The disease results in impaired work capacity of the patient, significantly reduced the overall level of functioning that is accompanied by feelings of powerlessness and helplessness, depression, and in cases of pronounced pain syndrome, suicidal thoughts.

A case report of a 36 years old female patient with soft tissue tumor-like lesion in the hip is presented. There were difficulties in differential diagnosis between a tumor (mesenchymal chondrosarcoma) and a tumor-like lesion (heterotopic ossification).