Purpose. To determine the informational content of the x-ray examination in the evaluation of the effectiveness of the preoperative chemotherapy of bone sarcomas in the middle and at the end of the treatment using decisive rule program. Materials and methods. To develop and verify the decisive rule program for plain radiography in the evaluation of neoadjuvant chemotherapy we analyzed 109 radiograms of patients with bone sarcomas (mostly with osteosarcoma, which composed 83,5% of the cases). The patients were examined before, in the middle and at the end of the course of the preoperative chemotherapy. Results. The sensitivity of the plain radiography using the decisive rule program on the first diagnostic stage (in the middle of the neoadjuvant chemotherapy) was 81,6% , the specificity was 64,1%. At the end of the preoperative treatment, on the second diagnostic stage, the values of the sensitivity and specificity increased up to 85,4% and 68,9% correspondingly. The characteristics of the assessment of the preoperative chemotherapy by radiologist itself and using the decisive rule program were comparable. Conclusion. The development and use of the decisive rule programs based on diagnostic and differential criteria will improve radiographic diagnostic in the evaluation of the preoperative chemotherapy of bone sarcomas.

The purpose of the work was to reveal the frequency and diagnosis difficulties of parathyroid osteodystrophy at patients with parathyroid tumors. Materials and methods. From 2000 to 2011, 51 cases of patients with parathyroid tumors were analyzed retrospectively at the department of head and neck tumors. 20 patients showed parathyroid osteodystrophy by moderately expressed symptoms of osteoporosis up to pathologic fractures and formation of bone tumors. Results. All the patients were operated, 43 patients had typical position of parathyroid tumor and 8 patients had ectopic position (in the anterosuperior mediastinum). 3 cases were of patients with pathologic fractures of limb bones having prolonged anamnesis and treated by traumatologists and urologists. Conclusion. The algorithm of examination of patients with multiple foci of bone system destruction must include blood analyses for parathormone and calcium.

In present time is noted the considerable growth of cases rate in hematological diseases. Fom 2003 to 2008 the gain of absolute number of patients with hematological tumors made up 12,1%. Owing to increase in total number of the revealed diseases a surgical stage of treatment becomes more impotent. Multiple myeloma consists about 1,4% in structure of the general case rate in oncological diseases what is approximately 3-4 cases per 100,000. In the department of bone and soft tissue tumors the statistical analysis was carried out in group of 53 patients with multiple myeloma and plasmacytoma of spinal column defeat in the period from 2001 for 2011 years. Therefore the main prognostic criteria of efficiency of the possible surgical treatment, allowing to define tactics of prospective treatment were allocated. Being based on statistical analysis of the set parameters scores which were received as a result of mathematical calculation and it division into representative intervals, there was developed the scale of tactical choice of surgical and combined treatment in patients with multiple myeloma and plasmacytoma of spinal column defeat.

A method of isolated pelvic perfusion creates a high concentration of chemotherapy in the pelvic cavity and usually used in locally advanced soft tissue sarcomas, recurrent locally advanced colorectal cancer or gynecological cancer pathology, often after a previous combined treatment including chemotherapy and radiation therapy. pelvic perfusion can be used with different schemes of chemotherapy, but the inclusion of melphalan, especially in combination with tumor necrosis factor, provides a level of objective responses, comparable with the results of isolated limb perfusion. pelvic perfusion technique improves with time, applies compression tools, imposes above projections bifurcation iliac vessels to create maximum isolation of the region, used with improved vascular access, and selected most effective combination of chemotherapy. Currently, there are few randomized studies to identify opportunities for the pelvic perfusion for sarcomas and carcinomas of the pelvis.

Back ground. To specify potentialities of a technique for investigating sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) to increase treatment efficacy for clinically localized cutaneous melanoma. Methods. The effect of timely regional control of survival was studied in patients who had undergone onestage lymphadenectomy and shown subclinical regional metastases (LAE, n=22) in comparison to patients who had undergone wide local excision of melanoma only and subsequently developed a regional recurrence to former clinically intact lymph nodes (RR, n=60). In the third group, SLNs were investigated in 100 patients with clinically localized cutaneous melanoma. For this purpose, 4 patients were injected with the radiopharmaceutical Nanocis and 96 patients were injected with Technephit. Survival rates were calculated using the KaplanMeier method (SPSS 17). Results. Longterm survival rates were considerably higher in the LAE group than in the RR group. The threeyear survival rates were 68,5±10,7% and 67,8±6,1%, the fiveyear survival rates were 57,1±11,6% and 47,8±6,7%, the tenyear survival rates were 50,8±11,6% and 24,3±6,1%, respectively (p=0,088). SLN biopsy revealed regional micrometastases in 17 (17,0%) patients. In 47,4% of cases, metastases occurred in other lymph nodes of the examined lymphatic basin. Conclusions. SLN investigation cannot be an independent therapeutic procedure. However, it enables an option to determine timely indications for regional lymphadenectomy which improves survival rates in patients with stage IIIa cutaneous melanoma when it is timely carried out.

We estimated the applicability of NKX2-2, STEAP1 and CCND1 genes expression evaluation by real-time PCR for bone marrow (BM) involvement detection in Ewing family tumors (EFT) patients. Expression of molecular markers were analyzed in 59 BM samples from 6 EFT patients with EWS gene rearrangements, in 20 BM samples from 5 patients without detected rearrangements, in 8 BM samples from 8 patients without malignancies, in SK-N-MC cell line and in 9 samples of the peripheral blood stem cells. BM samples were considered true positive in case of EWS-FLI1 or EWS-ERG fusion gene transcript presence or tumor cells in BM smears. NKX2-2 expression was not revealed in normal BM while was present in positive BM samples and was not found in the majority of negative BM samples. Expression of NKX2-2 and CCND1 remained stable during EFT treatment, while STEAP1 expression was downmodulated. ROC-analysis revealed threshold levels of expression for each marker which were used for diagnostic values calculation. NKX2-2 demonstrated high positive and negative predictive values (0,889 и 0,976 respectively) for EFT marrow disease detection and monitoring. Overall correct prediction value achieved 0,949. STEAP1 and CCND1 assessment was not relevant for BM disease monitoring in EFT patients.

Background. We analyzed cytotoxic properties of different aqueous-alcoholic extracts from plants on 4 metastatic skin melanoma cell lines in vitro. Methods. The cytotoxic activity of 18 aqueous-alcoholic extracts was assessed on 5 metastatic melanoma cell lines (mel Kor, mel P, mel Il, mel Cher and Melur) by a MTT test. results. 9 (50%) plant extracts demonstrated no significant cytotoxic effect at the highest tested concentration (0,3% alcohol). Only extracts from Eucommia ulmoides L. and Eleutherococcus L. had noteworthy cytotoxic effects in four and more cell lines tested. Conclusion. The cytotoxic activities of botanical extracts and their fractions on metastatic melanoma cell lines require further closer investigations.

Methods of preparation and mechanical testing of pressure resistance of bone samples are described in the following research. Results and analysis of mechanical characteristics of dog radius and humerus with brief explanation of main determined mechanical features are represented. Strength characteristics of 2 samples are identical. Maximum strength is about 1900 MPa. Yield stress is about 80 MPa. Elasticity modulus is about 1900 MPa. Relative strain at the moment of destruction is 6-6,7%. We can make a conclusion that mechanical characteristics of humerus and radius are similar, but radius has better resistance at critical stress.

We retrospectively reviewed 39 patients with chondrosarcomas of different grades and 10 patients with benign cartilaginous tumors from 2000 through 2011. The mean age of the patients was 38 years (range, 24-72 years) with a predilection for men (24/14 in chondrosarcomas). The minimum follow-up was 0,6 year. All patients underwent modern surgical treatment in N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Centre, Moscow, Russia with incorporation of CT and MRI for details before and after the operation. To perform immunohistochemical study (MMP-1, 2, 9, TIMP-1, Coll-IV, COX-2, Bcl-2, Bax) we choose 39 cases of chondrosarcomas with aggressive radiographic, and (or) morphologic behavior. Local recurrence and metastases were rare in long bones and more common in axial skeleton. The prognostic factors that determine the outcome were related to anatomic site, tumor size, and adequacy of treatment. Multidisciplinary approach in diagnoses is mandatory. Over expression of Bax, MMP-1 and MMP-9 >40% is a marker for altered cell phenotype and more aggressive behavior of the tumor. Local recurrence and potential metastasis are low in the group of low grade (grade 1) chondrosarcomas. To better classify these lesions multidisciplinary approach is necessary. Radiographic criteria, morphology and immunohistochemistry help to tailor less aggressive surgical procedure without compromising the results of the treatment.

Background. We analyzed the relationship between GSTP1 and ABCB1 single-nucleotide polymorphism and chemotherapy efficacy and toxicity in children with soft tissue and bone sarcomas. Methods. The study 58 children with high risks soft tissue and bone sarcomas included to the study. Genotyping of GSTP1 (105)Ile/(105)Val (rs1695) and ABCB1 3435C>T (rs1045642) were performed by genomic DNA extracted from blood mononuclear cells. Results. GSTP1 (105)Ile/(105)Val and ABCB1 3435C>T genotypes had no association with frequency or grade hematological toxicity. Patients with GSTP1 (105)Ile/(105)Val GG genotype had a greater risk of the disease recurrence and shorter diseasefree survival in comparison with AA genotype patients. Conclusion. Assessment of GSTP1 genotype may be important in selecting children suitable for chemotherapy.

Creation of the Russian biomedical engineering is related not only on preparation in the country of engineering specialists but also particular educated managers for this sector of national economy. Therefore in this article formulations are presented of major concepts, which form essence of administrative activity and receptions of its study. The biomedical engineering has the place both in the productive and in social spheres of economy, it stipulates management features. Medical engineering activity is presented by the equivalent concept of the biomedical engineering, and that type of administrative activity is possible to name a medical engineering management.