Results of treatment of 21 patients with tumor-like bones diseases are presented. Bone tissue defect grafting was performed by bone allograft. Successful method promoted patients early activation. This method has prospects for further development and adoption in oncology.

In this article the problem of choice of surgical intervention in tumors of the lower third of shin bones is discussed, that now represents the big complexity in the work of the oncoorthopedist. There are noaccurately formulated indications for that kind of surgical intervention, depending on histological type, localization and rehabilitation possibility. in this article we are presenting limbspearing surgeries carried out in a regional oncological clinic Irkutsk.

Chordomas and low-grade chondrosarcomas share many histological features, generating at times, considerable diagnostic difficulty and, not infrequently, requiring immunohistochemical analysis for appropriate classification. In an effort to clarify the diagnosis and differentiation with other cartilaginous tumors, 16 samples, obtained from 16 patients with chordoma were examined by immunohistochemistry with a panel of antibodies. The panel included antibodies to cytokeratin (CK), epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), D2-40, GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein), NSE (neuron-specific enolase), chromogranin, TTF-1 (thyroid transcription factor), PSA, CDX-2, mammaglobin. The conventional chordoma stained for CK (16/16) EMA (13/16), NSE (12/16) and was negative for chromogranin, GFAP. Specific markers were helpful in differential with metastatic carcinomas. Chordomas are difficult to excise because of their location and intimate relation to critical structures. Seven of 16 patients had recurrences, three of 16 patients had several local recurrences and progression with local effects.

Recent advances in oncology now allow limb limb-spearing surgery to be done in 80—90% of bone tumors. However, successful outcome of treatment is often offset by the possible complications of joint replacement. Aseptic instability is the most common complication of arthroplasty for tumors of the bones leading to revision surgery. This article provides an analysis of aseptic loosening in patients with bone tumors after limb-spearing surgeries carried out in RCRC.

The analysis of 100 patients with soft tissue sarcomas, who were admitted to the department of oncoorthopedic surgery in P.A. Herzen Moscow Cancer Research Institute and had undergone diagnostics or treatment in other hospitals, is represented in the article. There were diagnostic and therapeutic mistakes in the management of 91 patients. Diagnostic mistakes worsen course of disease and are the cause of delayed treatment, it diminishes a chance for high recurrenceand metastasis-free survival and significantly and limits opportunities for surgical and medical treatment. Therapeutic mistakes caused unsatisfactory oncological and functional results and worsened the prognosis in these patients. The study showed the absence of oncological suspicion among general practitioners and that the treatment of such patients should be performed only in multidisciplinary specialized oncological institutions where high-skill diagnosticians, pathologists, chemotherapists, radiologists and oncological surgeons are in the staff.

During the last decades melanoma of the skin is no longer a rare tumor. This tumor is characterized by an aggressive course and high potential for development of lymph — and hematogenous metastasis. Developing in most cases out of pigmented nevi, melanoma of skin manifests various clinical forms which have different course and prognosis. The lecture reviews current approaches in the diagnosis of melanoma as well as the principles of surgical treatment of this tumor

Cutaneous malignant melanoma is a form of cancer for which both environmental influence and hereditary predisposition are major causative factors. Approximately 5% to 10% of cases of cutaneous melanoma occur in families that have a hereditary predisposition for this disease. Genetic studies have recently identified a subset of genes that are associated with risk for melanoma. Germline mutations in the CDKN2A gene have been identified in 20% to 50% of such melanoma families. This is an overview of our current understanding of modifications in high (CDKN2A, CDK4) and in low genes (MC1R, XPA, etc.) penetrance susceptibility, that have been associated with melanoma risk and how these genes can enrich clinical management and early detection of malignant melanoma.