Метастатические поражения позвоночника. Современные аспекты диагностики и лечения

Метастазирование злокачественных опухолей в позвоночник является распространенной проблемой онкологических пациентов и происходит гематогенным путем. Проявляются метастазы позвоночника болью и неврологическими расстройствами. Современные методы визуализации позволяют верифицировать опухолевые поражения. С помощью прогностических шкал определяются показания к хирургическому лечению и прогнозируются его результаты. Оптимальным является сочетание хирургического лечения и лучевой терапии. Очередность проведения хирургического лечения и лучевой терапии по-прежнему остается дискутабельной. Системная терапия также является неотъемлемой частью долгосрочного контроля над спинальными метастазами и зависит от гистологической структуры опухоли и ее способности реагировать на медикаментозное воздействие. На сегодняшний день нет единства взглядов и однозначного стандартизированного, научно обоснованного подхода к решению существующей проблемы, однако дальнейшее ее изучение сможет обеспечить выбор оптимального алгоритма курации пациентов с метастатическим поражением позвоночника.

профилактика метастатических поражений позвоночника, хирургическое лечение метастазов, прогностические шкалы, лучевая терапия метастазов

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