Preview

Саркомы костей, мягких тканей и опухоли кожи

Расширенный поиск

Патологические переломы позвонков

Аннотация

Представлен обзор литературы, посвященный эпидемиологии, классификации и лучевой диагностике патологических переломов позвонков. Основными причинами патологических переломов позвонков являются остеопороз и опухолевое поражение. развитие методов лечения данной патологии требует точной дифференциальной диагностики этиологии перелома лучевыми методами. наиболее информативным методом в дифференциальной диагностике патологических переломов является магнитно-резонансная томография.

Об авторах

А. С. Неред
ФГБУ «РОНЦ им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России
Россия

г.Москва



А. Б. Блудов
ФГБУ «РОНЦ им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России
Россия

г.Москва



Я. А. Щипахина
ФГБУ «РОНЦ им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России
Россия

г.Москва



Н. В. Кочергина
ФГБУ «РОНЦ им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России
Россия

г.Москва



Список литературы

1. Flemming D.J. et al. Primary tumors of the spine. Semin. Musculoskelet Radiol. 2000, No. 4 (3), р. 299-320.

2. Grampp S. et al. Radiologic diagnosis of osteoporosis. Current methods and perspectives. Radiol. Clin. North Am. 1993, No. 35 (1), р. 1133-1145.

3. Guglielmi G., Muscarella S., Bazzocchi A. Integrated imaging approach to osteoporosis: state-of-the-art review and update. Radiographics. 2011, No. 31, р. 1343-1364.

4. Guglielmi G. Muscarella S., Leone A. et al. Imaging of metabolic bone diseases. Radiol. Clin. North Am. 2008, No. 46 (4), р. 735-754.

5. Noël-Savina Е., Descourt R. Osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures: a rare complication of radiotherapy in a patient with lung cancer. Clinical Imaging. 2013, No. 37, р. 390-392.

6. Peloschek P., Grampp S. Vertebral fractures and osteoporosis. In: Cassar-Pullicino V., Imhof H. Spinal Trauma. An Imaging Approach. Thieme Stuttgard. 2006, p. 206.

7. Cooper С., O’Neil T., Silman A. The epidemiology of vertebral fractures. Bone. 1993, No. 14, р. 89-97.

8. Fink N. et al. Disability after clinical fracture in postmenopausal women with low bone density: the fracture intervention trial (FIT). Osteoporos Int. 2003, No. 14 (1), р. 69-76.

9. Alcalay M., Azais I., Brigeon B. et al. Strategy for identifying primary malignancies with inaugural bone metastases. Revue du Rhumatisme. 1995, No. 62 (10), p. 632-642.

10. Brage M.E., Simon M.A. Evaluation, prognosis, and medical treatment considerations of metastatic bone tumors. Orthopedics. 1992, No. 15 (5), p. 589-596.

11. Tyrrell P., Cassar-Pullichino V., Lalam R., Tins B. Bone Metastasis 1: Spine. In: Davies A., Sundaram M., James S. Imaging of bone tumors and tumor-like lesions. Springer. 2009, р. 461-462.

12. Coleman R.E. Metastatic bone disease: clinical features, pathophysiology and treatment strategies. Cancer Treat. Rev. 2001, No. 27, р. 165-176.

13. Lecouvet F., Malghem J., Michaux L. et al. Vertebral compression fractures in multiple myeloma. Part II. Assessment of fracture risk with MR imaging of spinal bone marrow. Radiology. 1997, No. 204, р. 201-205.

14. Beal K., Allen L., Yahalom J. Primary bone lymphoma: treatment results and prognostic factors with long-term follow-up of 82 patients. Cancer. 2006, No. 106, р. 2652-2656.

15. Ramadan K.M., Shenkier T., Sehn L.H. et al. A clinicopathological retrospective study of 131 patients with primary bone lymphoma: a population-based study of successively treated cohorts from the British Columbia Cancer Agency. Ann. Oncol. 2007, No. 18, р. 129-135.

16. Barbieri E., Cammelli S., Mauro F. et al. Primary NHL of the bone: treatment and analysis of prognostic factors for Stage I and Stage II. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 2004, No. 59, р. 760-764.

17. Adams H., Tzankov A., d’Hondt S. et al. Primary diffuse large B-cell lymphomas of the bone: prognostic relevance of protein expression and clinical factors. Hum. Pathol. 2008, No. 39, р. 1323-1330.

18. Yuste A.L., Segura A., Lopez-Tendero P. et al. Primary lymphoma of bone: a clinico-pathological review and analysis of prognostic factors. Leuk. Lymphoma. 2004, No. 45, р. 853-855.

19. Zinzani P.L., Carrillo G., Ascani S. et al. Primary bone lymphoma: experience with 52 patients. Haematologica. 2003, No. 88, р. 280-285.

20. Salvati M., Cervoni L., Artico M. et al. Primary spinal epidural non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas: a clinical study. Surg. Neurol. 1996, No. 46, р. 339-344.

21. Lim C., Chong B.K. Spinal epidural non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma: case reports of three patients presenting with spinal cord compression. Singapore Med. J. 1996, No. 37, р. 497-500.

22. Vanneuville B., Janssens A., Lemmerling M. et al. NonHodgkin’s lymphoma presenting with spinal involvement. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 2000, No. 59, р. 12-14.

23. Oviatt D.L., Kirshner H.S., Stein R.S. Successful chemotherapeutic treatment of epidural compression in non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Cancer. 1982, No. 49, р. 2446-2448.

24. Monnard V., Sun A., Epelbaum R. et al. Primary spinal epidural lymphoma: patients’ profile, outcome, and prognostic factors: a multicenter Rare Cancer Network study. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 2006, No. 65, р. 817-823.

25. Levack P., Graham J., Collie D. et al. Don’t wait for the sensory level – listen to the symptoms: a prospective audit of the delays in diagnosis of malignant cord compression. Scottish Cord Compression Study Group. R. Coll Radiol. 2002, No. 14, р. 472-480.

26. Sundaresan S.N., Krol G., DiGiacinto G.V., Hughes J.E.O. Metastatic tumors of the spine. In: Sundaresan S.N., Scmidek H.H., Schiller A.L. et al., eds. Tumors of the Spine. Diagnosis and Clinical Management. Philadelphia: WB Saunders. 1990, р. 279-304.

27. Holdsworth F.W. Fractures, dislocations and fracture-dislocations of the spine. J. Bone Joint. Surg. 1963, No. 45-B, р. 6-20.

28. Denis F. The three-column spine and its significance in the classification of the acute thoracolumbar spinal injuries. Spine. 1983, No. 8, р. 817-831.

29. Magerl M., Aebi M., Gertzbein S.D. et al. А Comprehensive classification of thoracic and lumbar injuries. Eur. Spine J. 1994, No. 3, р. 184-201.

30. Hurxthal L.M. Measurement of anterior vertebral compressions and biconcave vertebrae. Am. J. Roentgenol. Radium. Ther. Nucl. Med. 1968, No. 103, р. 635-644.

31. Lunt M., Ismail A.A., Felsenberg D. et al. Defining incident vertebral deformities in population studies: a comparison of morphometric criteria. Osteoporos Int. 2002, No. 13, р. 809-815.

32. Genant H.K., Wu C.Y., van Kuijk C. et al. Vertebral fracture assessment using a semiquantitative technique. J. Bone Miner. Res. 1993, No. 8, р. 1137-1148.

33. Yuh W.T. et al. Vertebral compression fractures: distinction between benign and malignant cases with MRI imaging. Radiology. 1989, No. 172 (1), р. 215-218.

34. Salvo N., Christakis M., Rubenstein J. et al. The role of plain radiographs in management of bone metastases. Journal of Palliative Medicine. 2009, No. 12 (2), р. 195-198.

35. Rosenthal D.I. Radiologic diagnosis of bone metastasis. Cancer. 1997, No. 80 (8), р. 1595-1607.

36. Link Т., Guglielmi G., van Kuijk C. et al. Radiologic assessment of osteoporotic vertebral fractures: diagnostic and prognostic implications. Eur. Radiol. 2005, No. 15, р. 1521-1532.

37. Sartoris D., Clopton P., Nemcek A. et al. Vertebral body collapse in focal and diffuse disease: patterns of pathologic processes. Radiology. 1986, No. 160, р. 479-483.

38. Baudouin E. Maldague, M.D., Henry M. et al. The intravertebral vacuum cleft: a sign of ischemic vertebral collapse. Radiology. 1978, No. 129, р. 23-29.

39. Sattari A., Quillard A., Laredo J.D. Benign nontraumatic osteolytic vertebral collapse simulating malignancy. Eur. Radiology. 2008, No. 18, р. 631-638.

40. Laredo J.D., Lakhdari K., Bellache L. et al. Acute vertebral collapse: CT findings in benign and malignant nontraumatic cases’. Radiology. 1995, No. 194, р. 41-48.

41. Stabler A., Schneider P., Link T.M. et al. Intravertebral vacuum phenomenon following fractures: CT study on frequency and etiology. J. Comput. Assist .Tomogr. 1999, No. 23, р. 976-980.

42. Woo E.K., Mansoubi H., Alyas F. Incidental vertebral fractures on multidetector CT images of the chest: prevalence and recognition. Clin. Radiol. 2008, No. 63, р. 160-164.

43. Williams A.L., Al-Busaidi A., Sparrow P.J. et al. Underreporting of osteoporotic vertebral fractures on computed tomography. Eur. J. Radiol. 2009, No. 69, р. 179-183.

44. Chan P.L., Reddy T., Milne D., Bolland M.J. Incidental vertebral fractures on computed tomography. N. Z. Med. J. 2012, No. 125 (1350), р. 45-50.

45. Baker L., Goodman S., Perkash I. et al. Benign versus pathologic compression fractures of vertebral bodies: assessment with conventional spin echo, chemical shift, and STIR MR imaging. Radiology. 1990, No. 174, р. 495-502.

46. Cuenod C.A., Laredo J.D., Chevret S. et al. Acute vertebral collapse due to osteoporosis or malignancy: appearance on unenhanced and gadolinium-enhanced MR images. Radiology. 1996, No. 199, р. 541-549.

47. Moulopoulos L.A., Yoshimitsu K., Johnston D.A. et al. MR prediction of benign and malignant vertebral compression fractures. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging. 1996, No. 6, р. 667-674.

48. Palmer W.E., Suri R., Kattapuram S.V. Benign versus malignant vertebral collapse: value of a fracture line on MR images. Radiology. 1999, No. 213 (Suppl. P), р. 293.

49. Baur A., Stabler A., Arbogast S. et al. Acute osteoporotic and neoplastic vertebral compression fractures: fluid sign at MR imaging. Radiology. 2002, No. 225, р. 730-735.

50. Malghem J., Maldague B., Labaisse M.A. et al. Intravertebral vacuum cleft: changes in content after supine positioning. Radiology. 1993, No. 187, р. 483-487.

51. Rupp R.E., Ebraheim N.A., Coombs R.J. Magnetic resonance imaging differentiation of compression spine fractures or vertebral lesions caused by osteoporosis or tumor. Spine. 1995, No. 20, р. 2499-2504.

52. An H.S., Andreshak T.G., Nguyen C. et al. Can we distinguish between benign versus malignant compression fractures of the spine by magnetic resonance imaging? Spine. 1995, No. 20, р. 1776-1782.

53. Shih T.T., Huang K.M., Li Y.W. Solitary vertebral collapse: distinction between benign and malignant causes using MR patterns. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging. 1999, No. 9, р. 635-642.

54. Токарь Т.Ю. Магнитно-резонансная томография в комплексной диагностике острых патологических переломов позвонков на основе алгоритмического подхода. Автореферат дисс. канд. мед. наук. Воронеж, 2009, 20 с.

55. Tan S.B., Kozak J.A., Mawad M.E. The limitations of magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of pathologic vertebral fractures. Spine. 1991, No. 16, р. 919-923.

56. Frager D., Elkin C., Swerdlow M., Bloch S. Subacute osteoporotic compression fracture: misleading magnetic resonance appearance. Skeletal. Radiol. 1988, No. 17, р. 123-126.

57. Hayes C., Padhani A.R., Leach M.O. et al. Assessing changes in tumor vascular function using dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. NMR Biomed. 2002, No. 15, р. 154-163.

58. Verstraete K.L., De Deene Y., Roels H. et al. Benign and malignant musculoskeletal lesions: dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI – parametric «firstpass» images depict tissue vascularization and perfusion. Radiology. 1994, No. 192, р. 835-843.

59. Verstraete K.L., van der Woude H.J., Hogendoorn P.C.W. et al. Dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging of musculoskeletal tumors: basic principles and clinical applications. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging. 1996, No. 6, р. 311-321.

60. Van der Woude H.J., Bloem J.L., Hogendoorn P.C.W. Preoperative evaluation and monitoring chemotherapy in patients with high-grade osteogenic and Ewing’s sarcoma: review of current imaging modalities. Skeletal. Radiol. 1998, No. 27, р. 57-71.

61. Van der Woude H.J., Bloem J.L., Verstreate K.L. et al. Osteosarcoma and Ewing’s sarcoma after neoadjuvant chemotherapy: value of dynamic MRI in detecting viable tumor before surgery. AJR. 1995, No. 165, р. 593-598.

62. Erlemann R., Reiser M.F., Peters P.E. et al. Musculoskeletal neoplasm: static and dynamic Gd-DTPA-enhanced MR imaging. Radiology. 1989, No. 171, р. 767-773.

63. Van der Woude H.J., Bloem J.L., Pope T.L. Jr. Magnetic resonance imaging of the musculoskeletal system, part 9. Primary tumors. Clin. Orthop. 1998, No. 347, р. 272-286.

64. Van der Woude H.J., Egmont-Petersen M. Contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of bone marrow. Semin. Musculoskelet. Radiol. 2001, No. 5, р. 21-33.

65. Van Rijswijk C.S., Geirnaerdt M.J., Hogendoorn P.C. et al. Dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging in monitoring response to isolated limb perfusion in high-grade soft tissue sarcoma: initial results. Eur. Radiol. 2003, No. 13 (8), р. 1849-1858.

66. Verstraete K.L., Vanzieleghem B., De Deene Y. et al. Static, dynamic and first-pass MRI of musculoskeletal lesions using gadodiamide injection. Acta Radiol. 1995, No. 36 (1), р. 27-36.

67. Shapeero L.G., Vanel D. MR imaging in the follow-up evaluation of aggressive soft tissue tumors. Sem. Musculoskeletal. Radiol. 1999, No. 3 (2), p. 197-205.

68. Van der Woude H.J., Verstraete K.L., Hogendoorn P.C.W. et al. Musculoskeletal tumors: does fast contrast-enhanced subtraction MR imaging contribute to the characterization? Radiology. 1998, No. 208, р. 821-828.

69. Van Rijswijk C.S., Geirnaerdt M.J., Hogendoorn P.C. et al. Soft tissue tumors: value of static and dynamic gadopentetatedimeglumine-enhanced MRI in prediction of malignancy. Radiology. 2004, No. 233, р. 493-502.

70. Chen W.T., Shih T.T., Chen R.C. et al. Vertebral bone marrow perfusion evaluated with dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging: significance of aging and sex. Radiology. 2001, No. 220, р. 213-218.

71. Savvopoulou V., Maris T.G., Vlahos L., Moulopoulos L.A. Differences in perfusion parameters between upper and lower lumbar vertebral segments with dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE MRI). Eur. Radiol. 2008, No. 18, р. 1876-1883.

72. Shih T.T., Liu H.C., Chang C.J. et al. Correlation of MR lumbar spine bone marrow perfusion with bone mineral density in female subjects. Radiology. 2004, No. 233, р. 121-128.

73. Chen W.T., Shih T.T., Chen R.C. et al. Blood perfusion of vertebral lesions evaluated with gadolinium-enhanced dynamic MRI: in comparison with compression fracture and metastasis. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging. 2002, No. 15, р. 308-314.

74. Tokuda O., Hayashi N., Taguchi K., Matsunaga N. Dynamic contrast-enhanced perfusion MR imaging of diseased vertebrae: analysis of three parameters and the distribution of the time-intensity curve patterns. Skeletal. Radiol. 2005, No. 34, р. 632-638.

75. Scherer A., Wittsack H.J., Strupp C. et al. Vertebral fractures in multiple myeloma: first results of assessment of fracture risk using dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Ann. Hematol. 2002, No. 81, р. 517-521.

76. Kanchiku T., Taguchi T., Toyoda K., Fujii K. et al. Dynamic сontrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of osteoporotic vertebral fracture. Spine. 2003, No. 28 (22), р. 2522-2526.

77. Moulopoulos L.A., Maris T.G., Papanikolaou N. et al. Detection of malignant bone marrow involvement with dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Annals of Oncology. 2003, No. 14, р. 152-158.

78. Rahmouni A., Montazel J.L., Divine M. et al. Bone marrow with diffuse tumor infiltration in patients with lymphoproliferative diseases: dynamic gadoliniumenhanced MR imaging. Radiology. 2003, No. 229, р. 710-717.

79. Zha Y., Li M., Yang J. Dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of diffuse spinal bone marrow infiltration in patients with hematological malignancies. Korean J. Radiol. 2010, No. 11, р. 187-194.

80. Hillengass J., Wasser K., Delorme S. et al. Lumbar bone marrow microcirculation measurements from dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging is a predictor of event-free survival in progressive multiple myeloma. Clin. Cancer Res. 2007, No. 3 (2), р. 475-481.

81. Stejskal E.O.T., Spin J.E. Diffusion measurements: spin echoes in the presence of time-dependent field gradient. Journal of Chemical Physics. 1965, No. 42, р. 5.

82. Chenevert T.L., Meyer C.R., Moffat B.A. et al. Diffusion MRI: a new strategy for assessment of cancer therapeutic efficacy. Mol. Imaging. 2002, No. 1 (4), р. 336-343.

83. De Keyzer F., Vandecaveye V., Thoney H. et al. Dynamic contrast enhanced and diffusion-weighted MRI for early detection of tumoral changes in single-dose and fractionated radiotherapy: evaluation in a rat rhabdomyosarcoma model. Eur. Radiol. 2009, No. 19 (11), р. 2663-2671.

84. Ross B.D., Moffat B.A., Lawrence T.S. et al. Evaluation of cancer therapy using diffusion magnetic resonance imaging. Mol. Cancer Ther. 2003, No. 2 (6), р. 581-587.

85. Schnapauff D., Zeile M., Niederhagen M.B. et al. Diffusionweighted echo-planar magnetic resonance imaging for assessment of tumor cellularity in patients with soft tissue sarcomas. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging. 2009, No. 29 (6), р. 1355-1359.

86. Uhl M., Saueressig U., Koehler G. et al. Evaluation of tumor necrosis during chemotherapy with diffusion-weighted MR imaging: preliminary results in osteosarcomas. Pediatr. Radiol. 2006, No. 36 (12), р. 1306-1311.

87. Baur A., Stabler A., Bruning R. et al. Diffusion-weighted MR imaging of bone marrow: differentiation of benign versus pathologic compression fractures. Radiology. 1998, No. 207, р. 349-356.

88. Baur A., Huber A., Ertl-Wagner B. et al. Diagnostic value of increased diffusion weighting of a steady state free precession sequence for differentiating acute benign osteoporotic fractures from pathologic vertebral compression fractures. AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol. 2001, No. 22, р. 366-372.

89. Castillo M., Arbelaez A., Smith J.K., Fisher L.L. Diffusionweighted MR imaging offers no advantage over routine noncontrast MR imaging in the detection of vertebral metastases. AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol. 2000, No. 21, р. 948-953.

90. Zhou X.J., Leeds N.E., McKinnon G.C., Kumar A.J. Characterization of benign and metastatic vertebral compression fractures with quantitative diffusion MR imaging. AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol. 2002, No. 23, р. 165-170.

91. Chan J.H., Peh W.C., Tsui E.Y. et al. Acute vertebral body compression fractures: discrimination between benign and malignant causes using apparent diffusion coefficients. Br. J. Radiol. 2002, No. 75 (891), р. 207-214.

92. Herneth A.M., Philipp M.O., Naude J. et al. Vertebral metastases: assessment with apparent diffusion coefficient. Radiology. 2002, No. 225 (3), р. 889-894.

93. Maeda M., Sakuma M., Maier S.E., Takeda K. Quantitative assessment of diffusion abnormalities in benign and malignant vertebral compression fractures by line scan diffusionweighted imaging. AJR Am. J. Roentgenol. 2003, No. 181 (5), р. 1203-1209.

94. Savelli G. et al. Bone scintigraphy and the added value oа the SPECT (single proton emission tomography) in detecting skeletal lesions. QJ Nucl. Med. 2001, No. 45 (1), р. 27-37.

95. Fogelman I., Carr D.H. Comparison for bone scanning and radiology in metabolic bone. J. Nucl. Med. 1979, No. 20 (5), р. 602.

96. Fogelman I. Bone scanning in osteoporosis: the role of the bone scan and photon absorptiometry. In: Freeman L., ed. Nuclear medicine annual. New York, NY: Raven. 1990, р. 1-35.

97. Kolb F., Morita E., Rodvien R. Insufficiency fractures of the pelvis in severe osteoporosis (abstr.). Bone Miner Res. 1992 - I7 (suppl. 1), р. 298.

98. Ryan P.J., Evans P., Gibson T., Fogelman I. Osteoporosis and chronic back pain: a study with SPECT bone scintigraphy. Bone Miner Res. 1992, No. 7, р. 1455-1459.

99. Matin P. The appearance of bone scans following fractures, including immediate and long term studies. J. Nucl. Med. 1979, No. 20, р. 1227-1231.

100. Buyukdereli G., Ermin T., Kara O., Kibar M. Tc-99m MIBI uptake in traumatic vertebral fractures and metastatic vertebral lesions: comparison with Tc-99m MDP. Adv. Ther. 2006, No. 23 (1), р. 33-38.

101. Thariat J., Toubeau M., Ornetti P. et al. Sensitivity and specificity of thallium-201 scintigraphy for the diagnosis of malignant vertebral fractures. Eur. J. Radiol. 2004, No. 51 (3), р. 274-278.

102. Tokuda O., Harada Y., Ueda T. et al. Malignant versus benign vertebral compression fractures: can we use bone SPECT as a substitute for MR imaging? Nucl. Med. Commun. 2011, No. 32 (3), р. 192-198.

103. Knapp E.L., Kransdorf M.J., Letson G.D. Diagnostic imaging update: soft tissue sarcomas. Cancer control. 2005, No. 12 (1), р. 22-26.

104. Dehdashti F., Siegel B.E., Griffeth L.K. et al. Benign versus malignant intraosseous lesions: discrimination by means of PET with 2-[F-18] fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose. Radiology. 1996, No. 200 (1), р. 243-247.

105. Glaspy J.A., Hawkins R., Hoh C.K., Phelps M.E. Use of positron emission tomography in oncology. Oncology (Williston Park). 1993, No. (7), р. 41-46, 49-50.

106. Schmitz A., Risse J.H., Textor J. et al. FDG-PET findings of vertebral compression fractures in osteoporosis: preliminary results. Osteoporos Int. 2002, No. 13 (9), р. 755-761.

107. Shon I.H., Fogelman I. F-18 FDG positron emission tomography and benign fractures. Clin. Nucl. Med. 2003, No. 28 (3), р. 171-175.

108. Bredella M., Essary B., Torriani M. et al. Use of FDG-PET in differentiating benign from malignant compression fractures. Skeletal. Radiol. 2008, No. 37, р. 405-413.

109. Cho W., Chang U. Comparison of MR imaging and FDGPET/CT in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant vertebral compression fractures. J. Neurosurg. Spine. 2011, No. 14, р. 177-183.


Рецензия

Для цитирования:


Неред А.С., Блудов А.Б., Щипахина Я.А., Кочергина Н.В. Патологические переломы позвонков. Саркомы костей, мягких тканей и опухоли кожи. 2016;(1):3-15.

For citation:


Nered A.S., Bludov A.B., Schipahina Y.A., Kochergina N.V. Pathological vertebral fractures. Bone and soft tissue sarcomas, tumors of the skin. 2016;(1):3-15. (In Russ.)

Просмотров: 121


Creative Commons License
Контент доступен под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.


ISSN 2219-4614 (Print)
ISSN 2782-3687 (Online)