Прогностическое значение профилирования экспрессии генов при меланоме: систематический обзор литературы

Введение. Меланома кожи, несмотря на схожие клинические и гистологические характеристики, может иметь разный прогноз. Профилирование экспрессии генов потенциально позволяет более точно стратифицировать больных по группам риска.

Цель исследования – изучение тест-систем для прогнозирования исходов у пациентов с меланомой кожи на основе анализа первичной опухоли.

Материалы и методы. Проведен систематический обзор литературы (scoping review) в соответствии с принципами PRISMA-ScR. Поиск выполнен в PubMed (2008–2024). В обзор включено 31 исследование из 149 выявленных публикаций. Отбор исследований и анализ данных осуществляли два независимых рецензента для оценки конкордантности. Данные представлены в описательной форме.

Результаты. Оценена эффективность четырех тест-систем, включая наиболее часто используемую DecisionDx-Melanoma (19/31, 61,3 %). Данный тест стратифицирует пациентов по молекулярным классам: у пациентов с высоким риском прогрессирование отмечается в 5,33 (±1,25) раза чаще и сопровождается худшими показателями выживаемости. В проанализированных исследованиях отсутствовали данные по российской популяции.

Заключение. Профилирование экспрессии генов демонстрирует высокую точность в прогнозировании исходов у пациентов с меланомой кожи.

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